03+Quarter+Asignment+List+2013

DON'T CLICK THIS LINK!! Also [|Don't Click this Link] You can choose your grade by how much you work. All tests can be retaken and all work can be fixed or made up if the notebook system is used. ALL "FIXED" AND LATE WORK WILL ONLY BE DOCKED 10%. For inquiring minds: Cell Biology Site

=__Third Quater **Assignment List**__= Assignments are listed in reverse order with the newest on top.

4/4 & 8 (First half of the review) (4/9 & 10 Second half of the review) 5th Chapter Review 1. DNA is located in the chromosomes of each cell. 2. Genes are passed from parents to offspring during sexual reproduction, following Mendel’s theory of inheritance 3. Any inherited trait will be determined by one or more genes. 4. Meiosis produces four daughter cells. 5. The sex cells have half the chromosomes as body cells. 6. When sex cells combine (fertilization), each sex cell contributes half the normal number of chromosomes. 7. Traits refers to the physical characteristics studied in genetics. 8. Two genes on the same chromosome can help determine a phenotype like eye color or wing shape. 9. Sexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically different than their parents. 10. Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to their parents. 11. Different forms of a gene are called alleles. 12. In hybrids, the recessives alleles are responsible for the phenotype of the trait. 13. The notation "TT" means "two dominant alleles" to a geneticists. 14. A mutation is any change in a gene or chromosome. 15. A Punnett square shows the probability of outcomes in a genetic cross. 16-19 Parent 1 = Gg and Parent 2 = gg. Show the outcomes of this cross in a Punnett square. G = Green hair g = brown hair 16. Parent 1’s phenotype is ……… 17. Parent 2’s genotype is………(choose) a) hybrid, b) heterozygous, c) homozygous dominant, d) homozygous recessive 18. What is the probability that the cross will produce homozygous offspring? 19. What is the probability that the cross will produce offspring with green hair? P = purple violets p = white violet Show the outcomes of this cross in a Punnett square. Cross a purebred purple violet with a purebred white violet. 20. Crossing a purebred purple violet with a purebred white violet should result in a) three quarters purple and one quarter white violets b) all white violets c) all purple violets d) half purple and half white violets (only write the correct answer) Write & Draw the following: Replicate figure 18 and key- idea on textbook page 180. Use SNB page 51. Finish these: Replicate figure 13 on textbook page 172. Use SNB pages 48 & 49. Replicate figure 15 on textbook page 174. Use SNB page 50. Title, sentences, text boxes, and labels should be included for each figure. Remember to write the sentences below the title of the figure.

4/2 & 4/3

**Chromosome Inheritance (**Cornell style notes / SNB page 46-48)
1. Remember: An organism’s traits come from pairs of genes and different forms of a gene are called alleles. Sutton observed that: 2. The body cells of grasshoppers had 24 chromosomes, but their sex cells only had half as many chromosomes (12 chromosomes). 3. When a sperm and egg joined during fertilization, the grasshopper egg that formed had 24 chromosomes. 12 + 12 = 24 4. Grasshopper offspring have the same number of chromosomes as their parents because half of them come from each parent during sexual reproduction. 5. From Mendel’s work, Sutton knew that one allele in a pair comes from the female parent and the other allele comes from the male parent. 6. Sutton realized that paired alleles were carried on paired chromosomes. 7. Chromosome theory of inheritance: – genes are carried from parents to their offspring on chromosomes – one chromosome in each pair comes from each parent 8. Meiosis is the process that reduces the chromosome number by half to form sex cells. 9. During meiosis, the chromosome pairs separate and are distributed to two different cells reducing their number by half. 10. Sexual reproduction produces offspring that inherit half their genes/chromosomes from each parent; making them genetically different from either parent. 11. Chromosomes are made up of many genes joined together like beads on a string. 12. Plant and animal cells contain many thousands of gene pairs on many chromosome pairs.

Draw the following: Title, sentences, text boxes, and labels should be included for each figure. Replicate figure 13 on textbook page 172. Use SNB pages 48 & 49. Replicate figure 15 on textbook page 174. Use SNB page 50. Replicate figure 18 and key- idea on textbook page 180. Use SNB page 51.

3/29 & 4/1

Genetic Terms (Cornell style notes SNB 43)
1. __Dominant__ - Allele represented by the upper case letter. Only one dominant allele is needed to produce the trait. 2. __Recessive__ - Allele represented by a lower case letter. Two recessive alleles are needed to produce the trait. 3. __Phenotype__ - what it looks like - physical appearance - visible traits 4. __Genotype__ - The alleles it has - allele combinations (letters) 5. Homozygous - has the same alleles. (TT or tt) 6. Heterozygous - has different alleles. (Tt) 7. (Copy and do the following.) 

Draw the following Punnett squares only. (Don't draw the pigs or people.) Write the letters representing the the alleles of the parents above and beside the boxes. The alleles of the male parent are usually put above the boxes and the female's alleles are put beside the boxes. Fill in the allele combinations of the offspring. 8. What is the dominant phenotype? What is the recessive phenotype? What are the genotypes of the parents? Are the parents homozygous or heterozygous? Are the offspring homozygous or heterozygous?

Make a Punnett square for the following cross. 9 What is the genotype of the male and female G-pig? What is the probablility of homozygous offspring? What is the probablility of heterozygous offspring?

Make a Punnett square of the following cross 10. Is the father homozygous or heterozygous? Is the mother homozygous or heterozygous? What chromosome can the mother give to the children? What chromosomes can the father give to the children? Which parent's allele determines if the child is a boy or girl, the father or mother? What is the probability of having a boy or girl?



3/27 & 28

Genes and Alleles (Cornell Style use SNB pages 41 & 42)
1. DNA is a long, thin molecule that looks like a twisted ladder with rungs made of base pairs. GC and AT (GCAT) 2. Chromosomes are pieces of DNA in the nuclei of each cell. Humans have 23 pair. 3. Genes are a sequence of bases in a chromosome that code for a trait. (There are an average of 65 million bases per chromosome and an average of 1000 genes per chromosome.) 4. Chromosome pairs – one comes from each parent to make up the pair. 5. Sexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically different from their parents. 6. Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically the same as their parents. 7. Alleles are different forms of a gene. 8. Organisms get one allele from each of their parents. 9. An organism's alleles can be the same or different. 10. In purebreds, alleles are the same. 11. In hybrids, alleles are different and the dominant allele is responsible for the trait. 10. Punnett Squares are used to determine the probability of alleles in offspring. 11. Dominant Alleles – capital letters / Recessive Alleles – lower case letters 12. See textbook page 164 for how to draw a Punnett Square. Dominant Alleles – capital letters Recessive Alleles – lower case letters 13. Mendel's Experiment: a. Describe the alleles of the P Generation. b. What percent of the F1 offspring is TT? c. What percent of the F1 offspring is Tt? d. What percent of the F1 offspring is tt? e. Give the ratio of tall to short plants of the F1 Generation. f. What percent of the F2 offspring is TT? g. What percent of the F2 offspring is Tt? h. What percent of the F2 offspring is tt? i. Give the ratio of tall to short plants of the F2 Generation.

The DNA Code (figure 16) Replicate the figure on textbook pages 176 &177 Use SNB page 40. Write the sentences below the title of the figure. You can answer the question in a complete sentence. Don’t use a pronoun as the answers subject.

Bonus Practice: http://lifescitpjhs.wikispaces.com/Ogre+Traits

Fun: [|Cat Coat Genetics] http://lifescitpjhs.wikispaces.com/Coat+Colors

3/25 & 26 Part 2 1. __Heredity__ is the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring. 2. __Traits__ are physical characteristics that can be passed from parents to offspring. 3. __Genetics__ is the study of heredity. 4. Mendel is considered the father of genetics. 5. A new organism begins to form when male and female sex cells join in the process called __fertilization__. 6. A __purebred__ organism is the offspring of many generations that have the same trait. 7. Mendel’s Experiment:__P Generation__ – In the Parent Generation, a tall purebred was cross with a short purebred.Mendel’s Experiment: 8. __1st Generation__ – All of the offspring were tall. None of the offspring were short even though one parent was short.Mendel’s Experiment: 9. __2nd Generation__ – Offspring occurred in the ratio of three tall plants to one short plant. 10. The short trait of one parent of the parent generation did not occur in the 1st generation, but reappeared in the 2nd generation. 11. The factors that determine traits are called genes. 12. P Generation:One parent had two tall genes.The other parent had two short genes. 13. F1 Generation:All offspring have one tall and one short gene. 14. F2 Generation: Three possibilities:Can get a tall gene from both parents.Can get a tall from one parent and a short form the other.Can get a short gene from each parent. 15 Summary:
 * __Mendel's Work__** (Use SNB pages 37 & 38. Write as Cornell notes)
 * Traits are controlled by two genes.
 * One gene comes from the female parent and the other comes from the male parent.
 * One gene of a pair can hide or dominate the trait of another gene.
 * Offspring receiving two hidden or recessive gene will have the hidden trait



Part 3 Crossing Plants Replicate Figure 1 on textbook page 155. Use the top half of SNB page 36. Cross Results Replicate Figure 2 on textbook page 156. Use the bottom half of SNB page 36. (FYI: Replicate -A close or exact copy; a replica.)

Part 1 (Bell Work) SNB page 35/ Write the title and follow the directions.


 * [[image:lifescitpjhs/WhoDaddy.jpg width="400" height="262"]] || [[image:lifescitpjhs/TabbyKittens.jpg width="276" height="275"]] ||
 * [[image:lifescitpjhs/TallShortPlants.gif]] || [[image:lifescitpjhs/MendelExperiment.jpg width="480" height="509"]] ||

3/21 & 22 Test on Chapter 4

If you want to watch tBrainPop videos, ask me for your name and password. Mitosis Review [] DNA Review [] Cellular Respiration [] Photosynthesis [] Carbon Cycle []

3/19 & 20

4th Chapter Test Review (Cornell Style/ SNB pages 32 to 35) 0. Reactants are infront of arrows. Products are after arrows. Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + H2O à C6H12O6 + 6O2 1. In a leaf, photosynthesis produces sugar & Oxygen. 2. Products are after arrows. 3. Plant cells use sunlight to make food = photosynthesis 4. Autotrophs make food, heterotrophs can’t Order the terms to show the flow of energy. Zebra, Sunlight, Grass, Lion Heterotroph, Autotroph, Sunlight 5. Photosynthesis makes food for plants. Benefit 6. A chloroplast main purpose is to use sunlight to make food. 7. Photosynthesis creates food in plants that animals can eat. Benefit Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 à 6CO2 + H2O 8. Respiration produce water and Carbon dioxide. Respiration doesn't produce energy, it converts energy in sugar in to a form the cell can use. 9. Mitochondria convert energy in sugar so the cell can use it. 10. Photosynthesis and Respiration have reversed equations. 11. The main purpose of cell division is to increase the number of cells. 12. DNA is replicated before a cell starts to divide because each daughter cell gets an identical copy. 13. G-Cat/ The four nitrogen bases are thymine, adenine, cytosine, & guanine. 14. Rungs of the DNA ladder are made of: G-C and A -T pairs only. (G-C and A-T only) Applying this concept: Given that one side of the ladder is: CCGGTTAA What is the other side of the ladder: GGCCAATT 15. Genetic material is copied during DNA replication. 16. __Anaphase__ is when chromosomes __separate__ at their centromeres during mitosis. 17. A pair of nitrogen bases makes up each rung of the DNA ladder. 18. A __nucleus dividing__ best describes __mitosi__s. 19. Differentiation is when an undifferentiated cell becomes a root, leaf, or transport cell.

Draw and learn figure 14 on textbook page 135.

Draw and learn figure 16 on textbook page 139. Differentiation is shown below:

3/14 & 18 Bell Work 1 (SNB page 29/Not Cornell Style) (Answer the following in complete sentences or write out the question and answer it.)

Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy(ATP)

1. Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

2. Why must DNA replicate during interphase?

3. Tell the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis.

(Part 2) __Stages of Mitosis__ (Mitosis-What Phase)

Why is this prophase? 1. This is prophase because… Why is this Metaphase? 2. This is Metaphase because… Why is this Anaphase? 3. This is anaphase because… Why is this Anaphase? 4. This is anaphase because…



3/12 & 3/13 (Six part assignment) Cell Cycle Part 1 (use SNB pages 24 to 28 /Cornell style with no summary) Cell Cycle 1.All multicellular organisms start out as one cell. 2.Organisms get bigger by producing more cells through the process of cell division. 3.The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo is called the cell cycle. 4.Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis are the three stages of the cell cycle.

Part 2 Interphase / Cell Cycle Stage 1 1.A cell grows to its mature size and spends most of its time functioning normally during interphase. 2.Interphase is considered the “living phase” of the cell cycle. 3.Late in interphase a cell will make a copy of its DNA; called replication. 4.Finally in interphase a cell will produce structures that it will use to divide.

Part 3 Do this, look and learn! Don’t copy. Look at the X shaped structures called chromosomes on page 131 of your textbook. DNA and special proteins in the nucleus forms these X shaped structures when the nucleus divides. The material (DNA and proteins) found in the nucleus and chromosomes are called chromatin. Half of each X is called a chromatid.

Part 4 Mitosis /Cell Cycle Stage 2 1.One nucleus divides into two nuclei during mitosis. 2.Duplicate copies of the DNA are separated into two new nuclei. 3.Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are the four phases of mitosis. (P,MAT 4 your puppy) 4.DNA forms chromosomes during prophase. 5.The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell during metaphase. 6.Centromeres split and chromatids separate during anaphase. 7.A new nuclear envelope forms around each region of chromosomes in telophase.

Cytokinesis / Cell Cycle Stage 3 1. During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides and organelles are distributed into each of the two new cells. Each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the original parent cell.

Part 5 Anwer the four questions on page 134. Then draw and label the picture.

Part 6 Draw and label the Cell Cycle on textbook pages 132 & 133. Draw only the green cells on SNB page 27 or 28. Chromatids look like “V”or “^”/ chromosomes “X” Use these as explanations for each number.

1. Interphase: The cell grows to its mature size, makes a copy of its DNA, and prepares to divide into two cells. 2a. Mitosis- Prophase: DNA forms chromosomes. 2b. Mitosis- Metaphase: the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. 2c. Mitosis-Anaphase: centromeres split and chromatids separate. 2d. Mitosis-Telophase: new nuclear envelopes form around each region of chromosomes. 3. Cytokinesis: The cell membrane pinches in around the middle of the cell. The cell splits in two. Each daughter cell ends up with an identical set of chromosomes and about half of the organelles. 3/8 & 11 Demonstration: Respiration produces and photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide. Blow bubbles in Bromothymol blue. Put Elodea in the solution and set it under a light.

Part 1 Draw a picture of respiration on SNB page 21.

Part 2 Learn about the relationship between Chloroplasts and Mitochondria.



(Learn about this relationship through Chloe & Mitt)

Part 3 Draw a concept map of the relationship between chloroplasts and mitochondria. (Use SNB page 22) Step by step drawing instructions.

Part 4 Draw a picture of a plant and a bee (or Sandy). Add the terms, substances, and arrows to your picture to show the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Additional help Photosynthesis & Respiration Details with presentations.

3/6 & 7 Respiration Workbook pages 73-75 Questions 1 - 14

Photosynthesis [] tpjhs/science [] []

3/4 & 5 Workbook pages 69-71 https://lifescitpjhs.wikispaces.com/Photosynthesis+Sheets Do questions 1-12

(Draw the following on SNB page 19.) =Photosynthesis: making sugar for food= Write the equations for photosynthesis and breifly tell what happens in stage 1 & 2. Write what happens during the 1st and 2nd stages of photosynthesis. Copy and complete the following: 1. ..........is the green pigment in chloroplasts that captures light energy. 2. Raw materials/reactants that are needed to do photosynthesis are... 3. Materials/products produced by photosynthesis are......

(Draw figure 1 on textbook page 119. Use SNB page 20. Copy all the words and the pictures are optional.) Figure 1: Energy from the Sun The sun supplies energy for most living things, directly or indirectly. (Answer this question in a complete sentence.) How does sunlight provide food for the zebra? (Remember that Chloroplasts make sugars by the process of photosynthesis.)

2/28 & 3/1 Test on Chapter 3 (Review of most often missed questions before the test.) Gummy Bear Lab part 2.

2/26 & 27 Finish the study guide: Gummy Bear Lab Elodea Lab

Lab Question Cork Cells 1. Describe the characteristics of cork cells that would show they are plant cells. 2. All living things are made of what? 3. What are the functions of the cell wall, the nucleus, and DNA?

Pages 13 & 14 Onion Cells 1. What affect did the iodine solution have upon the cell? 2. State the three parts of the cell theory. 3. What does a plant cell use to make food (glucose/sugar)? 4. How can you identify that a cell is from a plant?

Cheek Cells 1. Describe the cheek cells in detail. Include shape of individual cells, color, and overall structure of sample. 2. What is the name of the outer-most structure of the cheek cell? 3. In a plant and animal cells, most of the cells genetic information is kept in what organelle? 4 . What are the animal cell organelles floating in? What does it look like in the microscope?

Page 18 Elodea 1. Describe how the outer shape of your cheek cell differs from the outer shape of the Elodea cell. Be sure to describe both cell types. 2. Describe three ways plant and animal cells differ. 3. What happens to the Elodea cells when salt was added? What is this process called? 4. Does a plant cell have a cell membrane? Why or why not?

Gummy Bears 4. Explain the effect of diffusion on the changes to the bear.

2/22 & 2/25

Cell Test Study Guide Chapter 3
(Consider them and study them as if they were the test's answers.) 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. In all organisms, cells __function__ very similarly. 3. Plant cell have cell walls, chloroplasts, and chlorophyll, animal cells don’t. Both animal and plant cells contain mitochondria. 4. DNA directs all the activities of the cell. 5. In plants and animal, most of the cell’s genetic material is found in the nucleus. 6. Plant cells look boxlike due to their cell walls. 7. The nucleus is often the most observable organelle in cells. 8. Cheek cells of animals look roundish in shape. 9. Levels of organization: (Level on top/Example on bottom) 10. Tissues are made of similar cells such as the cells in bone. 11. A brain is composed of different tissues making it an organ. 12. Chloroplasts, mitochondria, and nuclei are all examples of organelles. 13. Most cells are similar in structure and function. Tree, turtle, and human cells all contain a nucleus. 14. All cells have DNA. 15. DNA and RNA are made of nucleic acid. 16. Nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates all contain hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon.(hoc) 17. Organelles that converts sugar into energy the cell can use are called __mitochondria__. 18. __Chloroplasts__ use energy from sunlight to produce sugars for food. 19. __Active transport__ requires energy to get molecules across a cells membrane. 20. The diffusion of molecules across a membrane is called osmosis. X19. Passive transport allows water to enter a cell without requiring energy. X20. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. (The last two items will help eliminate incorrect choices.)
 * --Cells-- || --Tissues-- || --Organs-- || --Organ Systems-- ||
 * -Bone cells-- || Many similar bone cells-- || A bone-- || The skeleton-- ||

2/20 & 21 (Use SNB pages 13 & 14) Onion Cell Lab and Cheek Cell Lab Warm-Up Microscopes Facts 1: (Use SNB page 13.) (Answering before starting the Lab.) There is a range or distance that is “in focus” when using a microscope. Things above or below this range will be “out of focus.” The size of this “in focus” range gets smaller as magnification increases.

1. Will the “in focus” range be smaller at a lower or higher power? Answer in complete sentences. 2. The big focus knob moves the stage a lot. The small focus knob moves it a little bit. Why will using the small knob produce a better focus on high power?

2/14 & 19 Onion Cell Lab 2/12 & 13 Show diffusion and the effects of temperature on it.

Cellular Transport (Diffusion, osmosis, passive transport, and active transport) Ten questions on workbook pages 66-68.

Students that didn't complete their cell notes wrote organelle names next to their functions on SNB pages 9 & 10.

Some classes attempted a game using their notes on organelles.

2/8 Miricle of the Cell Video with questions. 2/7 & 11 Cork Cell Lab First reviewed the cell parts and organic molecules with these videos: Cells Intro [] Organelles (compared to a factory) [] Four Organic Compounds []

Extra Practice. Do these. Organelle Functions 1 Organelle Functions 2 Cell Analogy 1 Cell Analogy 2

Four Organic Compounds [] [] [] [] [] Cells Intro [] Organelles (compared to a factory) [] Stem Cells []

2/5 & 2/6 (Use SNB pages 9 & 10.) Functions of the Cell Parts: (Two columns: Write the cell part's name in the left column and the functions below in the right column.) 1. Gives a plant cell a rigid box like shape. 2. Produces food/sugar from water and CO2 in plant cells. Contains chlorophyll. 3. Packages material from the endoplasmic reticulum for transport around and out of the cell. 4. Place where substances are made and transports substances around the cell. 5. Small structures that make proteins. 6. Instructions for making proteins. Made from the DNA and used by the ribosomes. 7. Contains DNA and directs all the activities of the cell. 8. Controls what goes in and out of the nucleus. 9. Controls what goes in and out of the cell. 10. Contains the genetic material, is contained by the nucleus, and consists of DNA strands and proteins. 11. Gel-like fluid between the cell membrane and nucleus, containing the cytoskeleton and organelles. 12. Converts energy in food into energy that the cell can use to carry out its functions. (cellular energy = ATP) 13. Membrane sacs used as storage areas. Plant cells have a big one near their centers, animal cells don't. 14. Small sacs that contain chemicals that break down certain materials. (Recycles materials and wastes, plus destroys toxins.) 15. Place in the nucleus where ribosome parts are made.

Organic Compound Table: You are what you eat. (Fill out the table using textbook pages 99 to 101.) Elements: 4 calories per gram || List the three kinds: || Location and/ or function in cells: || Food sources: || Other special facts: || Elements: 9 calories per gram || List the three kinds : || Location and/ or function in cells: || Food sources: || Other special facts: || Elements: 4 calories per gram || What makes one kind of protein different from another kind? || Location and/ or function in cells: || Food sources: || Other special facts: || Elements: || List the two kinds and where they are found in the cell. || Location and/ or function in cells: || Food sources: Dairy foods are low in these. || Other special facts: ||
 * __Carbohydrates__
 * __Lipids__
 * __Proteins__
 * __Nucleic Acids__

2/1& 2/4 Microscope Intro Lab

1/30 & 31 Science Workbook pages 62-64 questions 1-17. Finish and review Cell Analogy 1/28 & 29 Start new Science Notebooks: Tape your cell drawings and the following assignment to page 5 in your new notebook. __Levels of Organization __(Cornell Style for Studying.) 1. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 2. Living things are made of cells. Structure is how something is made. 3. Cells function similarly in all organisms. Function = what something does. 4. Cells carry out the basic process of life. 5. All living things are called organisms. 6. In multicellular organisms, cells are often organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems. 7. Tissues are... (Textbook page 84) 8. Organs are... 9. Organ systems are...

(Draw the comparison of a cell to a factory on SNB page 6.) (Write the 14 comparisons on SNB pages 7 & 8.) Cell Analogy (Compact Webpage)
 * Cell Analogy** (Click Link to see the full assignment.)

[|CellCraft]- Learn about cells playing a game. [] Microscope Videos